Horizontal Communication
Horizontal communication flows between people at the same level within an organization — for example, between colleagues in the same department or team leaders across different departments. It facilitates coordination, knowledge sharing, and collaborative problem-solving without the need for information to travel up and down the hierarchy. Effective horizontal communication reduces bottlenecks, breaks down silos, and is essential for cross-functional project work and agile organizational structures.
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Informal Communication
Informal communication is spontaneous, unstructured interaction between people that falls outside official organizational channels. It includes hallway conversations, team chat messages, lunch discussions, and impromptu calls. While informal communication is not planned or documented, it plays a vital role in organizational culture — building relationships, sharing tacit knowledge, and enabling faster problem-solving. In remote and hybrid workplaces, replicating the natural flow of informal communication has become an important design challenge.
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Body language
Body language is the non-verbal information communicated through physical gestures, posture, facial expressions, eye contact, and movement. In presentations and public speaking, body language plays a critical role in how the speaker's confidence, credibility, and emotional state are perceived. Open posture, deliberate gestures, and sustained eye contact signal confidence and engagement, while crossed arms, fidgeting, and avoiding eye contact can suggest nervousness or disinterest. Presenters who master their body language are generally more persuasive and trustworthy.
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Impromptu Speech
A speech that is given without any preparation, notes, or cards, is called an impromptu speech. It is often delivered at private events (e.g., weddings or birthdays) or for training presentation skills.
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