Vocalized pause
A vocalized pause is a filler sound — such as 'um', 'uh', 'er', or 'like' — used involuntarily by speakers when they pause to think or gather their thoughts. While occasional pauses are natural, frequent vocalized pauses can undermine a speaker's credibility, reduce clarity, and make a presentation feel less polished. Reducing vocalized pauses is a common goal in public speaking coaching, and is typically addressed through practice, conscious awareness, and the deliberate use of silent pauses instead.
Learn more
Interpersonal communication
Interpersonal communication refers to the exchange of information, meaning, and feeling between two or more people. It encompasses verbal and non-verbal signals and shapes relationships in both personal and professional contexts. Effective interpersonal communication involves active listening, empathy, clear expression, and the ability to read and respond to social cues. It forms the foundation of teamwork, leadership, customer relationships, and all forms of collaborative work.
Learn more
.ppt file extension
A .ppt file is a presentation created with Microsoft PowerPoint, containing slides with text, images, animations, and transition effects. The .ppt format is the legacy binary version of PowerPoint's native format, predating the XML-based .pptx format introduced with Office 2007. While .pptx has since become the standard, .ppt files remain widely supported for backwards compatibility across modern presentation software.
Learn more
Extemporaneous Speech
An extemporaneous speech is a speech that involves little preparation, as the speaker may use notes or cards to give his talk. It is important that speakers will still use their own words and talk naturally. .
Learn more